Saturday, May 23, 2026

A reflection on the Zimbabwe Guild of St Joseph in the UK.


I once heard a memorable story from one of the founders of the St Joseph Guild. I am no longer certain whether the guild was formally established at Gokomere in the Gweru Diocese, but the late founder shared a powerful experience. He told me that during the Mass on the day of the guild’s formation, a dove flew into the church. It went straight to the space above the altar, then flew back to the centre, to one side, and then to the other—tracing what he perceived as the Sign of the Cross. Those who witnessed it believed the Holy Spirit had visibly blessed the new guild. Whether this was a profound sign or simply the natural behaviour of a bird, the moment left a lasting impression and strengthened the faith of the founding members.

I joined the St Joseph Guild (Baba Josepha) at the age of 25, shortly after my wife became a member of the St Anne’s Guild (Mbuya St Anne). At the time, I was the youngest “Baba Josepha” in our parish of St Theresa. I remained an active member for 14 years, with my last attendance in 2010.

A Forward-Thinking Vision
At that time, the guild was largely made up of men aged 40 and above, with the majority in their fifties and sixties—many the same age as my own father. These elders were remarkably wise and visionary. Drawing inspiration from the story of the Magi in Matthew 2:1-12, they understood that for the guild to remain relevant and timeless, it needed to intentionally involve younger fathers.

They encouraged me to take up the role of parish guild secretary—a strategic move aimed at attracting the next generation. I still remember the chairperson generously giving me his own guild brown suit, which had become too small for him, when I was formally accepted. 

Two senior teachers of the guild alternated weekly duties and asked me to shadow them for an hour before the Shona Mass. I continued this apprenticeship until one of them fell ill. By the age of 28, I had been groomed to become a Teacher of the Guild myself. 

Looking back, I believe this forward-thinking approach—placing younger men at the forefront—was the real secret behind the success of the St Theresa parish guild. It was not only the quality of the teaching, but the visible presence of younger leadership that inspired others. 


In the years that followed, many young fathers joined the Baba Josepha Guild. While some mature members remained, the overall face of the guild gradually changed. 

In my first year as Teacher, we welcomed eight new young fathers, including two of my close friends and neighbours from our Catholic section. 

Although work and family commitments sometimes affected attendance, our monthly meetings were better attended than before. My final class in 2009 had 19 students. Sadly, I was unable to witness their acceptance into the guild, as I moved on shortly afterwards. I have since lost touch with many of my friends, who have relocated, and I no longer know the current state of the guild.

The Importance of Youth Involvement
Involving younger people is essential for the continuity and growth of the St Joseph Guild. A strong foundation is what makes the difference.The Zimbabwean St Joseph Guild rests on a much stronger base than its counterpart in the UK. In Zimbabwe, the guild is built upon vibrant youth groups—St Agnes and St Alois, St Peter’s Guild, and the Holy Childhood—structures that actively foster vocations to priesthood, religious life, marriage, and family.

These groups form a natural pipeline: the same young men nurtured in faith are likely to progress into marriage or holy orders, sustaining the Church and the guild for generations. This foundation must be carefully nurtured, as it represents the future of the Church (Zimbabwe Chaplaincy). Here in the UK, we do have Zimbabwean Catholic youth, but maintaining engagement is far more challenging. Geographical distance between families creates a significant barrier to regular fellowship and formation. 

On the other hand Children here are difficult to encourage to attend church as in Zimbabwe where I will just say "if you do not attend you will not eat Sadza". Therefore we do not have a reliable robust base here that we can nurture for the growth of Baba Josepha outside Zimbabwe. 

That said, are we not sent?. Matthew 28:19: "Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit." 
Are there possibilities that a diasporian Baba Josepha can emerge? A diverse localised Baba Josepha which is inclusive to all in all parishes of the UK. Is this impossible???
Final Thought
The St Joseph Guild thrives when elders have the wisdom to empower the young. By investing in the next generation with vision, mentorship, and trust, we ensure that what was blessed at its founding continues to bear fruit for many years to come.

It is therefore important for us who are here to try and sell Josepha to our diverse Parishes and probably plant Josepha here forever. 😇.

Thursday, June 1, 2023

Prayer


This write up will discuss how we should pray as believers. It will look at the historical right praise as mentioned in the book of Genesis and then the book of Leviticus which also outlines the law and the rituals required of believers. This is reiterated in the New Testament by our Lord Jesus Christ and buttressed by the Catholic Church.

In the story of Cain and Abel (Genesis 4, vs1-7) it is not clearly stated why the sacrifice of Cain was rejected, and the only information we have is that God told him to do the right thing for his sacrifice to be accepted. It is therefore paramount to always do the right thing for our offerings to be accepted. As believers we offer prayers of petition, prayers of praise and prayers of intercession to God.  

The description of Abel's sacrifice gives a hint as to what Cain offered and the speculation is that he did not bring the best. This is because the bible says he brought some of his crop and there is no description as to how the crop looked like. Yet Abel is said to have brought the best of his animals which was the right thing to do. Offering the best of what you have  sacrificing what you love most, and we see this throughout the bible. It is important to note that both Cain and Abel practised their faith. 

In the book of Leviticus community prayer was well organised and believers gathered to worship God and receive instructions. The first instructions of worship starting with Leviticus chapter 1 are acknowledgement of sin and sin offering. This is interesting because it means there was some kind of self examination of conscience before presenting one's self to the Tabernacle. The Israelites would bring the prescribed sin offerings to the priests or Levites for expiation of sins. Therefore one could not engage God or pray unless they had a clean heart and the Levites also would die where they stand if they were to minister in the tabernacle with unclean hearts. 

When the son of man came he answered people's prayers by forgiving their sins first and then heal them. One such instance is in Matthew 9. {9:2} And behold they brought to him one sick of the palsy lying in a bed. And Jesus, seeing their faith, said to the man sick of the palsy: Be of good heart, son, thy sins are forgiven thee.

In Luke {18} Jesus highlights the importance of acknowledging our sins and seeking forgiveness. Here when the Pharisee prayed he boasted about how he conducts himself and blames the weakness and failure of others. While the publican standing afar acknowledges his sins and asks for forgiveness. Jesus says the publican was saved because he humbled himself and asks for forgiveness of sins. This is a great example of examination of conscience by the publican and when we examine our conscience like this we do not want to sin again and we will be doing the right thing. Jesus went on to say to his disciples: Luke {18:14} "I say to you, this man went down into his house justified rather than the other: because every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled: and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted".  

Interestingly every Sunday Catholic  gathering has a petition and the gathering will start by asking for forgiveness.  This is called a penitential act where the priest invites all the believers and asking them to acknowledge their sins in preparation to celebrate the sacred Mass, the prayer of the Church. The whole gathering will quietly examine their conscience and pray with the priest in the following words; "I confess to almighty God and to you, my brothers and sisters, that I have greatly sinned, in my thoughts and in my words, in what I have done and in what I have failed to do, And, striking together their breast, they go on to say: Through my fault, through my fault, through my most grievous fault". 

Therefore we cannot make petitions or praises without a clean conscience. This is the right prays where we acknowledge our sins and failures and like Moses we take off our dirty sandals to step in the presence of God. As believers sometimes we perceive ourselves as prayer warriors yet we pray for others and ourselves with unclean hearts. We even call God to enter our hearts with no intention of acknowledging our errors and washing them off with the blood of our Lord Jesus Christ. Yet even breaking the bread of life,  the body of Christ requires us to convert our hearts. (Corinthians 11, 17-24) .

This is why the first movement of the prayer of petition is asking forgiveness, like the tax collector in the parable: "God, be merciful to me a sinner!". The Catechism of the Catholic Church refer to this way of praying as the "righteous and pure prayer". Christ Jesus taught us in Matthew 5, 23 If therefore thou offer thy gift at the altar, and there thou remember that thy brother hath any thing against thee; 24 Leave there thy offering before the altar, and go first to be reconciled to thy brother: and then coming thou shalt offer thy gift. This how prayer should be conducted and in this way we do the correct thing and the scowl on our face can be replaced with a smile.

Like Bartimeous let us all cry the louder, "Jesus Christ son of David have mercy on us. Jesus Christ son of David have mercy on us. Jesus Christ son of David have mercy on us".


 


 








Tuesday, April 25, 2023

Why the resurrection matter.

 Why does the resurrection matter?. 



Recently a colleague spoke of the death of four brothers dying in motor vehicle related accidents with the last one being run over by a bus. The thought that all of them died in accidents probably experiencing very painful death is just unsettling and can lead us to think about why we sometimes experience these horrible events. God answers this question in the book of Job where he speaks the longest monologue to us and this is reiterated by our Lord Jesus Christ in his life, teachings and death. 

Job 38

{38:1} Then the Lord answered Job out of a whirlwind, and said:

{38:2} Who is this that wrappeth up sentences in unskilful words?

{38:3} Gird up thy loins like a man: I will ask thee, and answer thou me.

{38:4} Where wast thou when I laid the foundations of the earth? tell me if thou hast understanding.

{38:5} Who hath laid the measures thereof, if thou knowest or who hath stretched the line upon it?

Our fear of death and suffering can make us become slaves to evil, we turn to prophets of baal, to witchcraft, morden witchcraft and magic. Yet we will still die. Prolonging life through Morden witchcraft has also become a problem now as we see people living longer in distress. People live longer in sickness because Morden witchcraft try to defy natural death (this is discussion for another time). Through fear of death we have lost belief in God almighty even if they believed all their lives. Not that I relish in death or dying but the natural course of death should be allowed to take place. This is why the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ is a great promise to Christians and a game changer for believers. 

The book of Hebrews here explains why the resurrection of our lord is a game changer. 

Hebrews 2:14 Now since the children share in blood and flesh, he likewise shared in them, that through death he might destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil. 15 and free those who through fear of death had been subject to slavery all their life.16 Surely he did not help angels but rather the descendants of Abraham; 17 therefore, he had to become like his brothers in every way, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest before God to expiate the sins of the people.

This is very important because Christ suffered like us in all ways so that we can learn from his conduct and be reassured. St Peter clearly explains this below. 

1 Peter 3, 18-19 For Christ also suffered for sins once, the righteous for the sake of the unrighteous, that he might lead you to God. Put to death in the flesh, he was brought to life in the spirit. 19 In it he also went to preach to the spirits in prison. 

It is also important to note that his preaching was not in vain because Matthew clearly describes the happen gs at the time. 

Mt 27:52-53. 

Tombs were opened, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen asleep were raised. 53 And coming forth from their tombs after his resurrection, they entered the holy city and appeared to many. It is clear that every knee shall bow to Christ who was there from the beginning. Peter goes further to say in 1 Peter 4, 6 But they will give an account to him who stands ready to judge the living and the dead. 6 For this is why the gospel was preached even to the dead that, though condemned in the flesh in human estimation, they might live in the spirit in the estimation of God. And in Jn 5:25; Amen, amen, I say to you, the hour is coming and is now here when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live.

It is therefore clear that death is the beginning of new life in God for Christians. This is the meaning of the resurrection the basis of our belief as Christians. 

Saturday, April 1, 2023

What theCatholic Church Teaches about divorce

 Have you thought of divorcing lately?


Matthew 5

32 But I say to you, that whosoever shall put away his wife, excepting for the cause of fornication, maketh her to commit adultery: and he that shall marry her that is put away, committeth adultery. (Douay Rhemis). 


Can. 1141 A marriage that is ratum et consummatum can be dissolved by no human power and by no cause, except death.


This is the first rule of marriage however, if the marriage is not consummated it can also be dissolved.


CANON. 1142 For a just cause, the Roman Pontiff can dissolve a non-consummated marriage between baptized persons or between a baptized party and a non-baptized party at the request of both parties or of one of them, even if the other party is unwilling. 


(A non-consummated marriage is where for some reason or other the act of sexual intercourse has not occurred. This is important to note because sexual intercourse is central to marriage for procreation.) 


There are also several technicalities to the DISSOLUTION OF THE Bond of marriage. 


The following 3 are also Central to the validity of marriage because marriage must be valid for it to be indissoluble. 


(1) A valid marriage is that of two baptised Catholics. 


(On the other hand there are instances where a non-baptised person can be allowed to marry a baptised person with the authority of the Bishop. Otherwise the marriage is invalid.)


(2) The couple should have Consented freely to the act of marriage. 


(Abducting or kidnapping for the purpose of marriage makes it invalid.) 


(3) The couple should be honest and truthful to each other before the marriage. 


(Example: You cannot lie that you are a man when you are a woman or the other way round. You cannot say you single when you are traditionally married or when you are married. These and more are lies that invalidate marriage ) 


Why Catholic marriage cannot be easily dissolved. 


CANON. 1151 Spouses have the duty and right to preserve conjugal living unless a legitimate cause excuses them.


(This is very important to note for one reason. A sexually satisfied Christian couple cannot be easily tempted to commit adultery. The sex brings them together and attach them to each other. Simple. On the other hand a sexually unsatisfied couple is always under siege from temptation naturally.)


(The most difficult thing is to forgive others. Forgive us as we forgive those who sin against us. As Christians we believe in forgiving others because we are also sinners. This is why the sacrament of confession is central to our Catholic faith. The verse above states that except for fornication. If a person commits adultery the person can be divorced many people would say. Here is what the Catholic Church teaches about this.)


CANON. 1152 §1. Although it is earnestly recommended that a spouse, moved by Christian charity and concerned for the good of the family, not refuse forgiveness to an adulterous partner and not disrupt conjugal life, nevertheless, if the spouse did not condone the fault of the other expressly or tacitly, the spouse has the right to sever conjugal living unless the spouse consented to the adultery, gave cause for it, or also committed adultery.


Lastly, this is self explanatory:


Can. 1153 §1. If either of the spouses causes grave mental or physical danger to the other spouse or to the offspring or otherwise renders common life too difficult, that spouse gives the other a legitimate cause for leaving, either by decree of the local ordinary or even on his or her own authority if there is danger in delay.

Friday, February 10, 2023

The Christian Facing terminal illness and death.



"Do not reprove me in your anger, LORD, nor punish me in your wrath. Have pity on me, LORD, for I am weak; Heal me, LORD, for my bones are shuddering." Psalm 6. 

The imagination of some Christians is that, an angel of the Lord will come down from heaven to inform him/her that it was time to leave this world. This is a protestant Christian erroneous view that there will be a rapture, an occurrence where the good will be picked up to bliss and the evil will be left to suffering and gnashing of teeth. This protestant thought is taken from Luke chapter 17 vs 31 to 37, where Jesus spoke about the end of time. Reading these verses bring a reassuring feeling, that those of God will not see suffering or death. On the contrary Christ and all his disciples suffered the unbearable. 

Although this has happened before in some special occurances  when Enoch who walked with God all his life was taken away. Enoch did not see death. In a similar way it also happened to the prophet Elijah, who knew before hand that he was going to be taken away (2 kings 2) was carried off by a chariot of whirl wind and fire and did not see death. These instances have a reassurance effect and they prepare one to be fearless of death and illness because you have a glimpse of the outcome. It is a rare special treatment. 

However, the book of the story of the origin of man stresses that man shall die a death because of the sin of pride. It is evident in scripture that men was created to live forever and not to know death, but when he fell, he lost the ever lasting life and was informed that he shall die a death. This is the advent of illness, accidents, homicides, suicides and anything that cause death. Of these causes of death the most common is illness which accounts for 92% of the world deaths according to the World Health Organisation. 

The link between between illness and suffering to sin can be witnessed throughout scripture and this is what the israelites believed. When you are ill God is chastising you. In the book of Leviticus sin offerings are central to the Israelites and before man comes to stand in the presence of God with his prayers of reconciliation he should offer a holocaust to God. Therefore sacrifice was like a present offered to God followed by prayer, a reconcilliatory gesture of peace with God. This is our common practice to each other today, we buy flowers or a small present when we want to reconcile with those we love. It is also important to take into account  the admonishing from Isaiah when he projected what the Lord said "I do not want your burnt offering but your heart". 

This is also why Christ suffered and died for our sins, he took all our sins and suffered instead of us. Therefore in our illness if we remain in Christ he will endure all our suffering. 

In (2 kings 20, 1) King Hezekiah of Judah was poorly when the prophet of the Lord informed him that he will not heal because he had sinned against the Lord. Hezekiah cried for life to the Lord and was penitent. The Lord heard his prayer and he was given an extension with the promise that he would still die after a few years.  This is particularly important because death will always be there even when you have been spared this time around. Like Lazarus who was brought back from death, you will be sick and still die in the end. Therefore we ought to get ready our bodies  as if we are going to die today and our spirit  as if we shall never die.  

It is important to note that from time immemorial believers knew that in God they do not die. We are able to see this in the book of Isaiah 26, 19 "Fresh life they shall have, Lord, that are thine in death; lost to us, they shall live again. Awake and utter your praises, you that dwell in the dust. The dew thou sendest, Lord, shall bring light to them; only the land of dead heroes thou wilt doom to overthrow". This is echoed by the prophet Daniel in chapter 12 verse 2 informing us that many that are dead shall wake up to enjoy everlasting life and others to disgrace. In the same train of thought the third son in 2 Macabees 7, 11 hopes for life after his death and the restoration of what he would have lost. He regarded his suffering as nothing and so should all who believe in the one who authors life. 

The Pauline teaching in 1Corinthians 15:52 states that, "In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet: for the trumpet shall sound and the dead shall rise again incorruptible. And we shall be changed. {15:53} For this corruptible must put on incorruption: and this mortal must put on immortality" . We can therefore as Christians take refuge in the belief that if we died in God we live again. Therefore we have no fear of illness and suffering or anything that threatens life for our life cannot be exterminated. We have the scripture on our side, the words of our Lord, the words of the apostles, tradition and the teachings of the church. 

When the son of God graced the earth he revealed a different aproach to suffering and sickness that lead to death. We see this in the way he talked about his coming suffering and death. The son of man knew everything that was going to happen to him and how it would impact on his followers. He also knew that he would rise again and this is the basis of our faith. As Paul reiterates in 1 Thessalonians (4:13) For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again: even so them who have slept, through Jesus, will God bring with him. 

He strengthened, prayed and informed them of his coming victory over death and suffering. This had a minimal reassurance effect because the believers did not believe when the time of suffering came and they ran scared with fear of suffering and death. Others like Peter they denied the suffering Christ because it was gruesome. The apostles could not stand suffering before Jesus died. This is important because we see this today when we face illness and death we run from God and mould our own physical gods like baal. However when the apostles witnessed the resurrection they put away all fear because they saw and had a preview of the life after death. This is different to us because we did not witness the risen Christ or his ascension. Instead we seek help from fellow men when we fall sick and fall for lies and deception yet God wants us to be steadfast in trusting him. "He who believes in me will not die but live", says Christ to Mary and Martha. God's friends will not die, like Lazarus they will rise after death and live forever. John 14, 25 Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life. The one who believes in me will live, even though they die; 26 and whoever lives by believing in me will never die. Do you believe this?” 

This is the teaching of our Lord Jesus Christ. When Martha informed our Lord and God of the death of his friend, Jesus replied by saying he will rise again. Lazarus had been ill for a while and Jesus did not want to prevent his death but he allowed it so that we may learn that he is the Lord of the living and the dead. In this chapter of the Bible Jesus wept. My personal view is that it was not the sorrow of the death of Lazarus but the sorrow of our unbelief. Our faith is limited to and can be hindered by illness and death, "had you been here Lord Lazarus would not have died" now he is dead and gone. But "I am the life and the resurrection he who dies in me will not die but live". This is the essence of the Christian faith. If you are a friend of Christ like Lazarus you will not die but live. 

Now sickness can be daunting and scary it usually separates us from God if we do not understand why we are Christian and what Christians believe. This is important because it prepares us for the suffering we go through in life and the death that comes with it. Romans 14, 8 will resonate with this, whether we live we live unto the Lord whether we die we die unto the Lord. 

As humans we have always been fearful of death and when this fear of suffering unto death grips us we even break up relationships, have conflict, blame others and in the end lose hope in Christ. However, as Christians we should take refuge in the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, "he who believes in me will not die but live". 












Sunday, September 11, 2022

Prayer for Mental Health Nurses

Saint John of God. 

I honor you as the Patron of mental health workers. Especially mental health nurses.

I choose you to be my patron and protector in my job as a mental health nurse. 

To you I entrust my soul, my body, all my spiritual and temporal interests, as well as those of other nurses throughout the world.

To you I consecrate my pin, 

My mind so that in all things it may be enlightened by faith above all in accepting my job as a calling from God, 

And my heart, that you keep it pure and fill it with the love for Jesus and Mary that burned in your heart; 

My will, like yours,that I may always be one with the Will of God.

Amen.

Tuesday, September 7, 2021

Creator of all things visible and invisible

Creator of all things visible and invisible.


In the course of the history of man there have been many myths and interestingly one of the myths is that of the cambion. Throughout the nineteenth century and earlier there was a belief that demons can bear children with physical women and their offspring was called a cambion. In the writings of Victor Hugo's (1874) Toilers of the Sea this cambion is described as the son of a woman and the devil. Fasting forward to today the same cambion is seen in movies such as Hell Boy. However the thought does not stop there, it is found in the new age pentecostal protestant churches where some pastors cite the nephilim in genesis as the children of man and the devil.

 In this post I will use biblical and traditional sources to correct this theory which seek to render God powerless. This post will discuss the Creator first, then creation and finally refute the notion that demons and man can  procreate. 

If at anytime one finds themselve giving the power of creation to angels, demons or man they should know that they are blaspheming and usurping power from God the creator of all things visible and invisible. In that way you would have established new gods equal to the creator. Therefore one should becareful of shutting their ears to the call in Deutronomy 6, 4. "Hear, O Israel: The Lord your God is one" : (KJV).

God is the only one who creates from nothing. Genesis Chapter 1, vs 1.
"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth". This first chapter of the Bible clearly outlines the story of creation and it also plainly tells us who this creator of life is and what this creator used to fashion the world and man. He created everything from nothing. In this first chapter of the Bible all our questions about creation are answered.  

 In the Apostles' Creed the first followers of our Lord Jesus Christ professed that God is the creator of heavens and earth and this is what the early Church believed.  Subsequently at Nicea the church fathers re-affirmed the teaching of the Christian faith adding that God is the creator of all that is, seen and unseen (Nicene Creed). This is inline with the letter of St Paul to the Colossians chapter 1, 16-17.
The Apostle tells the Colossians that all things in heaven and earth, visible and invisible, thrones, dominions, powers and principalities were created through Jesus Christ our Lord.

As we read further into the verses and chapters of the book of Genesis we see in genesis 1 verse 26 God creating man in his image. Imago Dei it is called. He gave man dominion over all other creatures. Because we are in his image we are only given dominion over other creatures but not the power of creating from nothing. God is not in our image as outlined in the Catechism of the Catholic church. The book of genesis tells us that God used the earth to fashion man and when he breathed his life giving spirit man became a living soul.  In the same way when a sperm fuses with the ovum God breathes his life giving spirit and at that moment the embryo becomes a human soul. This is important because man is created in the image of God and that image is not physical but spiritual.

Creation of the human soul is spontaneous. This is a Christian teaching and it is consistent with the teachings on creation in the first chapters of genesis. It is the same teaching Christians use when refuting abortion and use of contraceptives. Therefore if life begins when God breathes life into the sperm and ovum union then who gives life to the man and demon Union. Is this not blasphemy that God allows demons and man to procreate? Because it is only God who gives and authors life.

It is God who blesses and instructs man to procreate and subdue the earth. Therefore the creation of the human soul is important in this discussion because we ought to know what a human being is composed of and what Imago Dei means. When we understand that the human soul is composed of the life giving spirit of God and soil we should be able to understand that no angel or man or demon can create a human soul. It follows then, on this note that the psalmist In Psalm 148, 2-5 should be taken into consideration as he includes Angels and God's armies as God's creatures that came to be through his command. If angels, demons and man are creatures then they cannot create life or a human soul.

The verses above can assist in the interpretation of the sons of God in the bible (Genesis chapter 6) which some people use to suggest that Angels and demons can have children with man.

In the same way one may argue that man can manipulate or swap parts of the body like in gender alignment.  When man manipulate embryos and do gender alignments therefore in that case man can create their own thing. I answer that, man can only touch what is physical but not the spirit the invisible human spirit is only created by God and man or demon have no power in that.
Furthermore others argue that the devil can manipulate things therefore can create after God. The good Saint, Augustine several times speaks of the devil as a manipulator of things, however Augustine reiterates that the devil's manipulation is just a phantom and since he is a deceiver man will see just a mirage. Aquinas the great Western Christian philosopher also argues that the devil cannot change the limb of man to that of a beast. The reason why demons and man cannot create anything is that they are creatures.

Where then does man's power to do things come from? King Solomon answers this in Wisdom 7, 17-22
"It is he who gave me unerring knowledge of what exists, to know the structure of the world and the activity of the elements. . . for wisdom, the fashioner of all things, taught me."


Definition of terms: In this article wherever there is the word Christian, it refers to Catholics.

About the photo: the Artist is a Graffiti artist and is unknown. When the photo was taken the camera cut off the signature. It was taken in London.